Physical Activity Among Children and Young People

This topic area covers statistics and information relating to physical activity among children and young people in Hull including local strategic need and service provision. Further information relating to Physical Activity Among Adults is given under Lifestyle Factors within Adults. Physical activity information has been collected within Hull’s Health and Wellbeing Surveys and full reports are available under Surveys within Tools and Resources.

Headlines

• Parents have a strong influence on young children’s physical activity levels, particularly mothers. Among older children, peers are much more important in determining physical activity levels.
• Whilst physical inactivity, together with poor diet, has an impact on obesity which is a risk factor for poor health, physical inactivity is also an independent risk factor for poor physical health, and physical activity can also improve mental health. It is estimated that physical inactivity is costing the UK around £7.4 billion a year including £0.9 billion to the NHS alone.
• The levels of physical inactivity in Hull are high, and there is a strong association with deprivation. This impacts on levels of obesity in Hull which are high, as well as increasing the risk of poor physical and mental health.
• The physical activity national guidelines state that children and young people aged 5-18 years should undertake at least one hour of physical activity every day.
• From the local Health and Wellbeing Survey conducted among secondary schools in Hull during 2016, 44% of boys and 34% of girls undertook at least one hour of physical activity each day based on the total weekly hours of activity averaged over seven days.
• In 2016 from the local survey, only 14.6% stated that they had undertaken at least one hour or more of physical activity on every day during the last week, and this decreased to 13.5% for the Health and Wellbeing Survey that was conducted in 2024. Boys were much more likely to be physically active compared to girls (with 17.6% versus 8.9% undertaking one hour or more of physical activity on all seven days in the previous week). In general, those who were younger were also more likely to be physically active (23.0% of Year 7 boys and 11.8% of Year 7 girls compared to 17.3% of Year 11 boys and 6.9% of Year 11 girls undertaking one hour or more of physical activity on all seven days in the previous week).
• From the Active Lives Survey – which covers both primary and secondary school-age children – the percentage who were active and fulfilled national guidelines was 45% for 2022/23 considerably higher than the local estimates. Whilst the ages of the survey responders differ, the local survey is much larger and potentially more representative of Hull’s population than the Active Lives Survey where the number of survey responders is much smaller. From the Active Lives Survey, almost one-third (31%) of Hull’s primary and secondary school-age children undertook fewer than 30 minutes of physical activity per day with almost one-quarter (24%) having intermediate physical activity levels undertaking on average 30-59 minutes of physical activity per day.
• On the whole across England, physical activity levels decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic although increased slightly among girls. The largest decreases in physical activity levels occurred for children in the last two years of primary school, children living in more affluent families, and children who were black or black British.

The Population Affected – Why Is It Important?

Whatever a person’s age, there is good scientific evidence that being physically active can help them lead a healthier and happier life. The lack of physical activity and inactivity is a major risk factor in its own right increasing the risk of circulatory disease, diabetes, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, and some cancers. There is also strong evidence that physical activity promotes mental wellbeing, boosting self-esteem, mood, sleep quality, and energy, as well as easing stress and anxiety.

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities (formerly Public Health England) estimated that this lack of physical activity is costing the UK and estimated £7.4 billion a year, including £0.9 billion to the NHS alone.

Parental influence is important in young children, and the influence of peers has greater influence among older children and young adults. Thus children growing up in families who are physical active are more likely to become physically active themselves, and older children who have friends who are physical active are more likely to be physically active themselves.

The Chief Medical Officer guidelines for physical activity sets out the amount and type of activities for health benefits for different age groups from babies to older adults, stating that some physical activity is good, but more is better. It is recommended that physical activity levels should be 150 minutes every week throughout pregnancy, three hours every day from birth to five years, at least an hour a day for five to 18 year olds, 75 minutes of vigorous intensity or 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity for adults aged 19-64 years, and 150 minutes of at least light intensity physical activity for adults aged 65+ years.

In general, the more time spent being physically active, the greater the health benefits. However, the gains are especially significant for those currently doing the lowest levels of activity (fewer than 30 minutes per week), as the improvements in health per additional minute of physical activity will be proportionately greater.

The Hull Picture

Levels of Physical Activity and Inactivity

Local Health and Wellbeing Surveys

In the local Young People Health and Lifestyle Survey 2016, 44% of male and 34% of female secondary school pupils in Hull engaged in sufficient physical activity to fulfil national guidelines (at least one hour daily), although there was a strong association with age among female pupils with levels of physical activity decreasing with increasing age.

This was based on the total number of hours of physical activity undertaken in the last week averaged out over the last seven days, and the figures for Years 7 to 11 combined are the age-standardised percentages.

However, the percentage of young people who stated that they had undertaken at least one hour of physical activity on all seven days in the last week was much lower at 14% overall (age-standardised for both genders combined). For both boys and girls, there was a decrease with school years although the decrease between Year 7 and Year 11 was greater for girls compared to boys, and the decrease started in Year 8 for girls whereas it started in Year 9 for boys. For all school years, fewer girls had undertaken one hour or more of physical activity on every day in the last seven days.

A Health and Wellbeing Survey was conducted among young people in secondary schools during the latter part of the 2023/24 school year although the survey was shorter and did not include as many questions as earlier surveys; it did not include a question on the total number of physical activity hours over an entire week, but did ask the number of days in the last week the young person has undertaken at least one hour of physical activity. As not all secondary schools took part in the survey in 2024, the results were weighted for gender, school year (7, 8, 9 and 10-11 combined) and local deprivation fifth. To compare like-with-like, the equivalent figures from the 2012 and 2016 were also weighted using the same three factors although numbers surveyed were higher among year 11 pupils so it was possible to produced weights for all five school years (weighted by the population at the time and the Index of Multiple Deprivation local fifths at the time of the survey).

The percentage of young people who undertook at least an hour of physical activity on each of the last seven days has decreased over time from 17.3% in 2012 to 14.6% in 2016 to 13.5% for 2024.

As in earlier surveys, boys were much more likely to be physically active compared to girls (17.6% versus 8.9%), and in general those who were younger were also more likely to be physically active (23.0% of Year 7 boys and 11.8% of Year 7 girls compared to 17.3% of Year 11 boys and 6.9% of Year 11 girls).

National Active Lives Survey

The national Active Lives Surveys collect information at local authority level and information is available for Hull, although for 2019/20 and 2020/21 the number of children is too small to be presented for Hull (when data has been presented the number of children participating is small at round 500 or fewer). In the local Young People Health and Wellbeing Survey conducted in 2016, all secondary schools in Hull participated and (mixed ability / non-streamed) classes were randomly selected and all pupils completed the questionnaire. The numbers participating in the survey were also greater at over 4,000 pupils. The local survey only included secondary school pupils from Year 7 (aged 11-12 years) to Year 11 (aged 15-16 years) whereas Active Lives covers primary school too from Year 1 (aged 5-6 years) to Year 11 with parents completing an additional survey for the younger Year 1 and 2 children. So there were some differences in the survey methodology, size of the surveys, questions asked, age children, etc, and these differences may account for the difference in the percentage of children who are active (undertaking at least one hour of physical activity on average every day), fairly active (undertaking 30-59 minutes of physical activity on average each day) and less active (undertaking less than 30 minutes of physical activity on average every day).

The percentage of children who are physically active is substantially higher in the Active Lives survey but this might be accounted for by the differences in the age groups (older children are less likely to be active and the local survey just included secondary school pupils not both primary and secondary school pupils like Active Lives). The percentage increased dramatically in Hull from 2017/18 to 2018/19 from 49.6% to 60.2%. The reason is unknown. It could represent a true increase, for instance, more children undertaking the Daily Mile at school or it could be an artefact of the small number of children surveyed (see Small Numbers). There have been insufficient numbers of children participating in the Active Lives Survey in Hull for 2019/20 and 2020/21, but data is available for 2021/22 and show that the percentage has decreased to 47.6% and further decreased to 45.3% for 2022/23.

The percentage of children who are fairly active has shown a gradual but steady decrease from around 24% for 2017/18 and 2018/19 to 22.8% for 2022/23.

With the increase in the percentage of children who were active, there was a corresponding decrease in the percentage of children who were less active from Active Lives Survey between 2017/18 and 2018/19, and a similar increase for 2021/22 followed by no real change to 31.0% for 2022/23.

The percentage of physically active children and young people from Active Lives is also given on the Office for Health Improvement & Disparities’ Fingertips.

The percentage of physically active children – undertaking on average at least one hour of moderate-vigorous physical activity per day across the week – in Hull is slightly lowr than England and the region for 2022/23.

Fingertips illustrates the same trends as above, although data is only shown for the four periods of time where Hull has sufficiently large number of children participating in the survey.

There is considerable variation in the percentages with the figure for 2018/19 standing out as an outlier. It is possible that this is figure does not reflect the true situation and is resulting from too smaller numbers for Hull participating in the survey or some artefact of the year such as a number of schools or the subset of Hull schools surveyed that year, undertaking more physical activity for some reason such as those those having the Daily Mile.

Local Physical Activity Scorecard

A summary of physical activity has been produced locally which summarises some of the information from the local Health and Wellbeing Surveys, the Active Lives Survey, information from Fingertips as well as information on the frequency of walking and cycling including active travel. The scorecard summarises information for both adults and children and is available below.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Information is available on the change in physical activity levels prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic. Activity levels differ depending on the time of the year so the same period of time is compared (summer). The data is for England overall.

There was a decrease in the percentage of children who were active and this was particularly the case among school years 5 (aged 9-10) to 6 (aged 10-11), although occurred for all school years beyond year 3 (aged 7-8). There was an increase among children in years 1 (aged 5-6) and 2 (aged 6-7). Levels of physical activity reduced for boys but increased for girls, and the percentage of children who were active remained relatively unchanged for children living in low affluent families and decreased for more affluent families. Some of these changes are perhaps associated with the types of activities undertaken by children of this age. Boys and children from more affluent families are perhaps more likely to attend sporting clubs like football and rugby, and these activities were less likely to occur during the pandemic. There was an emphasis on physical activities during the pandemic mainly fitness classes (TV or online) and walking, so it is possible that more girls were more likely to participate in these activities than would usually do so.

There was a relatively small decrease in the percentage of White British children who were active and an increase among children of other White backgrounds, but there were decreases for all other ethnic groups most marked among children with Black backgrounds.

A similar but reversed pattern was evident in terms of the percentage of children who were less active.

Understanding Sports and Leisure in Hull

The Local Government Association have a report which examines sport and leisure in Hull in relation to comparable geographical areas. It includes information on physical activity levels of adults and children from the Active Lives Survey, information on the frequency of walking and cycling as well as information on the number of sports and leisure facilities within Hull, and information on volunteering to support sports and physical activity events as well as numbers attending live sporting events.

Understanding Sports and Leisure in Hull

Strategic Need and Service Provision

In October 2014, The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities (formerly Public Health England) published the national physical activity framework ‘Everybody Active, Every Day’ identifies four areas of local and national action: (i) Active Society – change the social norm to make physical activity the expectation; (ii) Moving Professionals – develop expertise and leadership within professionals and volunteers; (iii) Active Environments – create environments to support active lives; and (iv) Healthy at Work – identify and upscale successful programs nationwide.

Five years on, The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities commissioned an independent review of the framework. The review had three key objectives: (1) to assess progress towards the implementation of the Everybody Active Every Day through research with professionals at national and local level; (2) to review progress of implementation of Everybody Active Every Day through evidence-based practice; and (3) to co-produce strategic actions to accelerate the scale and impact of Everybody Active Every Day over the next five years (collaboratively with national and local stakeholders).

The Everybody Active, Every Day: Five Years On published in August 2021, noted that there had been progress in that there was an increased prominence of physical activity, improvements in active environments, and other improvements, but also noted that there were challenges with limited and uneven resource (human and financial) allocation as well as lack of time required to develop strong partnerships that are pivotal to joint commissioning. The review identified opportunities which include integration of physical activity in strategies and policies, guidance on collaboration and partnership working, understanding available resources for the scale of the challenge, achieving an active society, developing active environments, mobilising professionals, and moving at scale.

As mentioned above, there are physical activity guidelines in place, and the more time spent being physically active the greater the health benefits. The gains are the highest among those currently doing the lowest levels of activity as the improvements in health per additional minute of physical activity will be proportionately greater.

In order to help people to fulfil the physical activity guidelines and increase their physical activity, it is necessary to work together to create an environment that promotes physical activity and active transport in everyday settings for all ages, and ensure people understand the benefit of positive life choices and know how to access information and seek early support to change.

Hull’s Towards an Active Hull Partnership has developed a 10 year physical activity strategy: ‘Towards an Active Hull’ with the overarching aim to move 10,000 inactive adults to be active to bring Hull in line to national levels of activity, reduce levels of inactive children and lessen inequalities. The four strategic pillars for action identified in the strategy are: Active Design, Active Recreation, Sports and Volunteering, and Active Travel. There is also an emphasis on social marketing to encourage people to ‘just make small steps to make big changes’.

Resources

Chief Medical Officers guidelines for physical activity: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/832868/uk-chief-medical-officers-physical-activity-guidelines.pdf

Local Health and Wellbeing Surveys

Sport England. Active Lives. https://activelives.sportengland.org/

Hull’s Towards an Active Hull: https://www.hcandl.co.uk/sites/hcandl/files/media/Towards%20An%20Active%20Hull.pdf

Get Hull Active: www.gethullactive.co.uk

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities (formerly Public Health England).  Everybody Active, Every Day: Framework for Physical Activity. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/everybody-active-every-day-a-framework-to-embed-physical-activity-into-daily-life

The Office for Health Improvement & Disparities (formerly Public Health England). Everybody Active, Every Day: Five Years On. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/everybody-active-every-day-5-years-on/everybody-active-every-day-5-years-on

Updates

This page was last updated / checked on 17 June 2024.

This page is due to be updated / checked in December 2024.